Pillar Guide & Keyword Hub

Cellular Generation Security

1G AMPS cloning, GSM A5/1 flaws, 3G AKA, 4G downgrade, 5G SA security.

Historical Events in Cellular Generation Security

2009Voice Plane

The A5/1 Cracking Project (Karsten Nohl at 26C3)

Karsten Nohl published 2TB rainbow tables enabling real-time over-the-air decryption of 2G GSM calls and SMS.

2020Signaling Plane

3GPP Standardizes 5G Standalone (SA) Security Architecture

5G SA replaced SS7/Diameter with HTTP/2 REST APIs over TLS 1.3 and encrypted IMSI identities using SUCI.